Research & Evidence

The research behind Ready Together

Ready Together is based on research, policy, guidance, lived experience and real-world practice.

Research overview

Ready Together is based on research, policy, guidance, lived experience and real-world practice.

A research team at Nottingham Trent University reviewed evidence about community resilience through four complementary evidence-review workstreams. The work combined structured academic database searching with policy, government, organisational, grey-literature and real-world practice searching.

Each workstream was recorded separately rather than being presented as one uniform search process. The four workstreams were not methodologically identical. Academic systematic searches, policy and grey-literature searches, and leading-practice searches used different sources and screening approaches.

The evidence that made it through screening informed the evidence synthesis and the development of the Ready Together content. The content was then put through experts who have been through more than 155 emergencies, practitioner groups and academic expertise groups.

Evidence at a glance

Sources reviewed: 19,558
Final post-screening: 96
Emergencies experienced by the experts involved in reviewing the content: 155+

How the evidence became Ready Together

The research process did not move straight from search results into Ready Together. Evidence was identified, critically reviewed, brought together into thematic evidence reviews, and considered through academic and practitioner review before it informed the Toolkit.

From evidence to Ready Together

Sources identified
Relevant research, policy, guidance, grey literature and real-world practice were identified through the four evidence-review workstreams.
Critical review and screening
Researchers critically reviewed sources and assessed potentially relevant material against the criteria for the relevant workstream.
Thematic evidence synthesis
Information was brought together into thematic areas of evidence synthesis and thematic evidence reviews.
Practitioner review
Practitioner review of the evidence synthesis contributed to aspects of the Toolkit.
Advisory review
Academic review of the evidence synthesis contributed to aspects of the Toolkit. Two Young People Advisory Boards also reviewed the development of the academic workstreams. They came from two different areas of the UK and reviewed the work at three points during the process. The King’s Trust facilitated these reviews. The young people were aged 17–25.
Toolkit development and quality assurance
Evidence informed the Toolkit elements. An academic steering group quality assured outputs, with academic leads present throughout the process.
Piloting and evaluation
The Toolkit was constructed for piloting. Following launch, the Ready Together Toolkit will be piloted and evaluated to understand how well it works in practice.

The diagram is a summary of the overall assurance workflow. The detailed search, screening and inclusion methods differed between the four evidence workstreams and are set out later on this page.

What was reviewed

The evidence review was organised into four complementary workstreams. The figures below show the number of sources reviewed in each workstream and the number that remained after screening.

Evidence workstreams: total reviewed and final post-screening
Evidence workstream	Total reviewed	Final post-screening
Collective Action, Community Action and Community Organising	4,422	11
Community Resilience, Societal Resilience	5,446	19
Social Identity Theory (Groups)	8,961	23
Lived Experience Examples/Leading Practice	729	43
Total	19,558	96

Collective Action, Community Action and Community Organising

Total reviewed: 4,422
Final post-screening: 11

This workstream examined community organising and community action in relation to crisis preparedness, response or recovery at community, regional, societal or state level. Eligible evidence included peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, policy reports and evaluations.

Community Resilience, Societal Resilience

Total reviewed: 5,446
Final post-screening: 19

This workstream examined community- or societal-level resilience in emergency, disaster, crisis or disruption contexts. It included academic research, policy, programme-evaluation and grey-literature evidence and was explicitly interdisciplinary.

Social Identity Theory (Groups)

Total reviewed: 8,961
Final post-screening: 23

This workstream examined social, shared, collective, group and community identity and related constructs in community populations, resilience and emergency contexts. After deduplication, 8,961 records were screened. Thirty-six higher-priority papers were assessed in full text. Seventeen fully met the protocol and six additional papers were retained because they were useful for identifying underpinning mechanisms, giving 23 retained sources in this workstream.

Lived Experience Examples/Leading Practice

Total reviewed: 729
Final post-screening: 43

This workstream examined policy, official guidance, real-world examples, press and grey literature, with supplementary academic evidence used where relevant to a case or theme. UK policy was the primary focus, with relevant UK and international examples included where they offered transferable learning.

After screening, the eligible evidence was brought together into key themes. Researchers then selected strong sources and examples to represent the wider evidence. This resulted in 43 core sources being taken forward.

How the research shaped Ready Together

The literature review informed the themes and content of Ready Together. The themes below use the names shown across the site. The research also covered Connecting Households.

Communications
Events
Money and Finances
Places and Spaces
People and Skills
Essential Supplies
Supporting People with Additional Needs
Working with your community
Connecting Households

The evidence that remained after screening was used to inform the evidence synthesis for these areas and the development of the Ready Together content.

Research checked against real-world experience

The evidence review was one part of the assurance process.

Once the evidence had been reduced to 96 sources through the review and screening process, the content was developed from those sources. It was then put through experts who have been through more than 155 emergencies, practitioner groups and academic expertise groups.

The quality assurance workflow also included practitioner and academic reviews of the evidence synthesis. An academic and young people advisory group quality assured outputs, and academic leads were present throughout the process.

Global evidence, with UK context

The review looked for global evidence, but the geographical emphasis differed between workstreams.

The Collective Action, Community Action and Community Organising workstream had a global scope. The review terms also gave special attention to comparative Global North and Global South evidence and to collectivist and individualist cultural contexts.

The Community Resilience, Societal Resilience workstream was global, with particular attention to countries with established resilience frameworks or relevant programmes, including the UK, Finland, Singapore, Japan, Norway, Estonia, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA.

For Lived Experience Examples/Leading Practice, UK policy and official guidance were the primary focus. Relevant UK and international real-world examples were also included where they offered transferable learning.

The evidence base

This section provides the technical detail behind the evidence review. It records the sources searched, the date and language parameters, and the inclusion, exclusion and screening criteria used within each workstream.

Search sources and date parameters

Across the workstreams, the evidence review combined structured academic database searching with policy, government, organisational, grey-literature and real-world practice searching. Search dates and filters differed by workstream.

The academic strands generally focused on material from 2000 onwards. The policy and leading-practice strand used a 2004 cut-off for UK policy and official guidance and a 2010 cut-off for press, organisational, grey-literature and real-world case evidence.

Collective Action, Community Action and Community Organising

Academic databases and sources

PsycINFO; MEDLINE; Embase; Scopus; Web of Science Core Collection; ASSIA; Sociological Abstracts; Social Science Citation Index; International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); PILOTS Database; Disaster Lit; and PAIS Index.

Grey-literature and policy sources

GOV.UK; Scottish Government; Welsh Government; Northern Ireland Executive; Cabinet Office; Local Resilience Forums; National Emergencies Trust; British Red Cross; IFRC; UNDRR; WHO; OECD; FEMA; Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience; Locality; and supplementary Google Scholar searching.

Date, language and scope

2000-present. English initially, with the protocol noting that some non-English sources could be relevant. Global scope.

Audit detail

Search concepts covered community organising and action, community and context, resilience and crisis, and interventions. Structural and economic moderators were specified for extraction rather than as mandatory search terms. Eligible evidence included peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, policy reports and evaluations.

Inclusion and screening

Included peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, policy reports and evaluations examining community organising and/or community action in relation to crisis preparedness, response or recovery at community, regional, societal or state level.

Eligible designs included randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, controlled before-after studies, natural experiments, mixed-method evaluations, qualitative studies and case studies, process evaluations, realist evaluations and impact evaluations.

Excluded material included interventions unrelated to community organising or action; studies measuring resilience without an organising or action mechanism; and infrastructure-only studies with no community component.

The protocol specified primary outcomes including preparedness, response capability, recovery capacity, community functioning and collective efficacy. Secondary outcomes included leadership development, mobilisation, network or coalition strength, sustainability, transferability and civic engagement.

Community Resilience, Societal Resilience

Academic databases and sources

Grey-literature and policy sources

GOV.UK; Cabinet Office; UK Resilience Framework; National Risk Register; Local Resilience Forums and devolved governments; UNDRR; WHO; OECD; FEMA; IFRC; Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience; National Emergencies Trust; British Red Cross; and community-resilience networks.

Date, language and scope

2000-present; English. Global, with particular attention to countries with established resilience frameworks or relevant programmes, including the UK, Finland, Singapore, Japan, Norway, Estonia, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA.

Audit detail

The protocol was explicitly interdisciplinary and included academic, policy, programme-evaluation and grey-literature evidence. Search concepts covered resilience, communities, emergency and disruption contexts, and interventions or programmes.

Inclusion and screening

Included peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, government and policy reports, programme evaluations and grey literature. Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method evidence was eligible.

Studies were expected to examine community- or societal-level resilience; include an emergency, disaster, crisis or disruption context; evaluate resilience-building approaches or programmes; and/or examine mechanisms, outcomes or implementation factors.

Eligible designs included experimental and quasi-experimental studies, natural experiments, qualitative intervention studies, mixed-methods studies, realist and other theory-based evaluations, logic-model or programme-theory studies, and process evaluations.

Excluded material included individual psychological-resilience interventions without community relevance; unrelated clinical interventions; studies focused only on individual coping; studies unrelated to emergencies, disasters or societal disruption; theoretical or conceptual papers without empirical or intervention data; conference abstracts or protocols without extractable findings; and duplicate publications.

Social Identity Theory / Groups

Databases and sources

Scopus; PsycINFO (ProQuest); MEDLINE/PubMed; Web of Science; ASSIA; Sociological Abstracts; International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS); PILOTS Database; Disaster Lit or its archive; DR2; and PAIS Index. Social Science Citation Index was treated as already covered within Web of Science.

Date and language parameters

Predominantly 2000 to August 2026, with English and scholarly-journal filters where applicable. The audit records examples including Scopus searched on 11 August 2026 and Web of Science, ASSIA, IBSS and PAIS covering 2000 to 11 August 2026.

Audit detail

The audit records 17,072 records merged before deduplication and 8,961 after deduplication. Titles and abstracts were screened, with a more focused set prioritised for detailed review.

Thirty-six higher-priority papers were evaluated in full text. Seventeen fully met the protocol. Six borderline papers were retained after review because they were useful for identifying underpinning mechanisms, giving 23 retained sources in this workstream.

Inclusion and screening

Searches combined social, shared, collective, group and community identity and related constructs with community populations, resilience and emergency contexts, and intervention and evaluation terms.

The audit distinguishes papers closely fitting the protocol from adjacent or mechanism-focused papers. It records both strict protocol fit and explicitly documented judgement for borderline mechanism-relevant evidence rather than treating all retained papers as methodologically identical.

Lived Experience / Leading Practice

Primary sources

GOV.UK; Cabinet Office; UK Parliament; UK Resilience Academy; Local Resilience Forums; local-authority emergency planning and resilience pages; Environment Agency; NHS England; Local Government Association; devolved-government sources; British Red Cross; National Emergencies Trust; relevant voluntary and community emergency organisations; UNDRR; UNDP; United Nations Volunteers; IFRC; OECD; WHO where relevant; BBC News; Reuters; The Guardian; Sky News; and relevant local press.

Date, language and scope

UK policy and official guidance: 2004-present. Press, organisational, grey-literature and real-world case evidence: 2010-present. English. UK policy was primary, with relevant UK and international real-world examples included where they offered transferable learning.

Audit detail

Two primary evidence streams were used: UK policy and official guidance; and real-world examples, press and grey literature. Supplementary academic evidence was used for particular cases or themes. Search phrases, site or source, date and numbers screened were to be recorded. Supplementary academic searches were documented separately from the primary systematic search.

Website and Google searching used predefined site-specific queries. Supplementary academic searching could use tools or databases such as Scopus or Web of Science to corroborate or contextualise identified cases.

Inclusion and screening

Included English-language sources concerning community or societal resilience related to preparedness, response, recovery, adaptation or longer-term community capacity.

Eligible sources included national and local government policy and guidance, Local Resilience Forum material, local-authority publications, recognised emergency and voluntary-sector reports, international organisational reports and reputable news reports containing substantive information about an eligible case.

Sources needed to provide policy or guidance, empirical evidence, an evaluation or a sufficiently documented real-world example, and to describe community participation, capacity, community-level action, relationships or partnerships where relevant.

Excluded material included duplicate sources; personal blogs; social-media posts used as standalone evidence; unsupported opinion or editorial pieces; promotional material without substantive evidence; individual psychological resilience without a community dimension; engineering, infrastructure or ecological resilience without a meaningful community dimension; incidental mentions of community or emergency; and purely theoretical material without relevance to policy, practice or the review questions.

Screening was two-stage: title or headline and abstract or summary screening, followed by full-text screening of potentially eligible sources. Reasons for full-text exclusion were to be recorded and duplicates removed before synthesis.

Supplementary academic evidence was used to corroborate, evaluate or contextualise important cases and was identified separately from the primary policy and grey-literature search.

What happens after launch

Following launch, the Ready Together Toolkit will be piloted and evaluated to understand how well it works in practice.

Lead authors and contributors

Led by Professor Rowena Hill, Professor of Resilience, Emergencies and Disaster Science at Nottingham Trent University.

Lead authors and contributors:

Professor Mustafa Sarkar
Dr Blerina Kellezi
Rich Pickford
Rebecca Ciarla
Minodi Gamage
Abbi Exon
Huboor Sheikh
Paul Netherton

References used in Ready Together

The Evidence Audit Trail records the wider search and screening process. The references below record the sources ultimately cited within the Ready Together modules.

They are grouped by the area in which they are cited. A source can therefore appear in more than one group where it is cited in more than one area.

The core evidence was supplemented with additional sources to support specific content and examples. Together, these totalled 123 unique sources cited across the final modules.

Download the referencesPDF

Communications and Events

Adetunji, A., Silva, M., Tulsiani, N. J., & Adediran, M. (2023). ‘Like a broom tied together’: A qualitative exploration of social cohesion and its role in community capacity strengthening to support integrated health in Nigeria. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(10), e0002508. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002508

AMION consulting. (2023). Coventry City of Culture 2021 economic impact assessment. . Coventry University. https://coventry21evaluation.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Coventry-University-UK-CoC-2021-Economic-Impact-Assessment-271023.pdf

Blake-Hepburn, D., Kadio, K., Rahman, S., Abdi, S., Khan, M. H., Fadel, S. A., Allin, S., Ataullahjan, A., & Di Ruggiero, E. (2025). Community mobilization to promote vaccine confidence during a global public health emergency: Insights from peel region and Toronto (Ontario, Canada) a qualitative study. Health Services Insights, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329251381437

Cong, Z., Feng, G., & Chen, Z. (2023). Disaster exposure and patterns of disaster preparedness: A multilevel social vulnerability and engagement perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 339, 117798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117798

de Guzman, E. B., Escobedo, F. J., & O’Leary, R. (2022). A socio-ecological approach to align tree stewardship programs with public health benefits in marginalized neighborhoods in Los Angeles, USA. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2022.944182

Dodd, W., Brubacher, L. J., Bustos, M., Mijares, M. K., Lim-Mar, K., & Lau, L. (2025). Amplifying community health worker voices to examine the implementation and scaling of a community health program: A qualitative study in the Philippines. Health Services Insights, 18, 11786329251352658. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329251352658

Duijsens, L. J. E., Lechner, L., Peels, D. A., & Bolman, C. A. W. (2025). A neighbourhood-oriented approach to foster healthy ageing in low socioeconomic older adults: Development and protocol for evaluation through intervention mapping. Health Education Research, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyae041

Duque Franco, I., Ortiz, C., Samper, J., & Millan, G. (2020). Mapping repertoires of collective action facing the COVID-19 pandemic in informal settlements in latin American cities. Environment and Urbanization, 32(2), 523–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820944823

Eisenman, D. P., Adams, R. M., & Rivard, H. (2016). Measuring outcomes in a community resilience program: A new metric for evaluating results at the household level. PLoS Currents. https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.15b2d3cbce4e248309082ba1e67b95e1

Environment Agency. (2025, January 16). Communicating climate change information for flooding and coastal erosion. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/communicating-climate-change-information-for-flooding-and-coastal-erosion

Gaisie, E., Adu-Gyamfi, A., & Owusu-Ansah, J. K. (2022). Gender and household resilience to flooding in informal settlements in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 65(8), 1390–1413. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2021.1930522

Hinata, S., Rohde, H., & Templeton, A. (2024). Communicating with the public in emergencies: A systematic review of communication approaches in emergency response. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 111, 104719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104719

Jackson, S. F., Morgan, G. T., Gloger, A., Luca, S., Cerda, E., & Poland, B. (2023). Relationships are everything: The underpinnings of grassroots community action in the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto. Cities, 134, 104163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104163

Kato, I., Rudyanto, B., & Ishibashi, K. (2026). Culturally embedded disaster education and intergenerational preparedness effects: Evidence from a disaster prevention maena-based project on Nias Island, Indonesia. Journal of Disaster Research, 21(4), 846–859. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2026.p0846

Kerr, K., Brini, S., Harris, T., Hill, J., McIntosh-Maman, M., Towson, G., & Carville, S. (2025). Effective strategies for communicating with the public about chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive events a rapid systematic review. UK Health Security Agency. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/68be8ebcd723ba6f74dbaac6/Communicating-with-the-public-about-CBRNe-events-rapid-review.pdf

Kesamoon, C., & Purotaganon, M. (2026). Building collaborative capacity for flood response: A workshop-based simulation approach in Thailand. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 42(2), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2025.2607485

Lo, A. Y., & Chan, F. (2017). Preparing for flooding in England and Wales: The role of risk perception and the social context in driving individual action. Natural Hazards, 88(1), 367–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2870-y

Local Government Association. (2025, November 6). A councillor’s guide to civil resilience. https://www.local.gov.uk/publications/councillors-guide-civil-resilience

Mitra, S., Mulligan, J., Schilling, J., Harper, J., Vivekananda, J., & Krause, L. (2017). Developing risk or resilience? Effects of slum upgrading on the social contract and social cohesion in Kibera, Nairobi. Environment & Urbanization, 29(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816689218

Neußner, O. (2021). Early warning alerts for extreme natural hazard events: A review of worldwide practices. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102295

Stone, C., & Vine, J. (2026). The role of sport, arts and culture in supporting community cohesion. Local Government Association; Belong, the Cohesion and Integration Network. https://www.local.gov.uk/topics/culture-tourism-leisure-and-sport/role-sport-arts-and-culture-supporting-community-cohesion

Thomas, K. T. (2019). Bridging social boundaries and building social connectedness: Through youth development programs. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-02-2018-0019

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2025, November 11). Measuring impact of community-led EWS in Uganda. https://www.undrr.org/resource/case-study/measuring-impact-community-led-ews-uganda

Wang, C., Pearce, E., Jones, R., & Lloyd-Evans, B. (2022). ‘Kindness by post’: A mixed-methods evaluation of a Participatory Public Mental Health Project. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.813432

Watkins, K. E., Sandmann, L. R., Dailey, C. A., Li, B., Yang, S.-E., Galen, R. S., & Sadki, R. (2022). Accelerating problem-solving capacities of sub-national public health professionals: An evaluation of a digital immunization training intervention. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08138-4

Whelan, M., Ghosh, I., Bell, L., & Oyebode, O. (2023). How and to what extent did the coventry city of culture ‘city host’ volunteer programme affect the volunteers’ mental wellbeing? A qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16862-7

Zachariah, B., Adithy, Bhojani, S., Bunders-Aelen, J., & Zuiderent-Jerak, T. (2023). Impact of SALT on community and volunteers after the 2018 floods in Kerala: A realist evaluation. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 84(4). http://journals.tiss.edu/ijsw/index.php/ijsw/article/view/1067

Zachariah, D., Mouwad, D., Muscat, D. M., Ayre, J., Nutbeam, D., & McCaffery, K. J. (2022). Addressing the health literacy needs and experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse populations in Australia during COVID-19: A research embedded participatory approach. Journal of Health Communication, 27(7), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2022.2118910

Zelenka Martin, A., Weston, D., Kesten, J. M., & French, C. E. (2026). A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response. Perspectives in Public Health, 146(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139241257102

Households

Cabinet Office. (2016). Preparing for Emergencies: Guide for communities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f9482ed915d74e622b543/pfe_guide_for_communities.pdf

City of Issaquah. (n.d.). Map your neighborhood. Retrieved https://www.issaquahwa.gov/247/Map-Your-Neighborhood

Dodd, M., Madabhushi, N., & Lees, R. (2025). Placemaking living lab: Creating resilient social and spatial infrastructures. Buildings & Cities, 6(1), 1027–1045. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.634

Fathollahzadeh, A., Salmani, I., Morowatisharifabad, M. A., Khajehaminian, M.-R., Babaie, J., & Fallahzadeh, H. (2023). Models and components in disaster risk communication: A systematic literature review. PubMed Central, 12(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_277_22

Fernandes-Jesus, M., Mao, G., Ntontis, E., Cocking, C., McTague, M., Schwarz, A., Semlyen, J., & Drury, J. (2021). More than a COVID-19 response: Sustaining mutual aid groups during and beyond the pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716202

Harris, P. R., & Easterbrook, M. J. (2024). Groups or values? Testing the effectiveness of online social cure, group‐affirmation, and self‐affirmation manipulations on wellbeing outcomes. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2774

Mymin Kahn, D., Bulanda, J. J., Weissberger, A., Jalloh, S., Von Villa, E., & Williams, A. (2016). Evaluation of a support group for ebola hotline workers in Sierra Leone. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 9(2), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2016.1153121

National Fire Protection Association. (2022). Band together before wildfire: Firewise USA program toolkit. https://www.nfpa.org/education-and-research/wildfire/firewise-usa?l=105

Odendaal, N. (2021). Recombining place: COVID-19 and community action networks in South Africa. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 10(2), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210401.oa11

Ohmer, M. L., Jacobs, L. A., Beery, J., Fabio, A., Falk, K., Gazarik, I., Gomez, C., Joiner, T., Miller, E., Neumann, A., Oliver, A., Reilly, R., Shedeed, M. R., Zeiner, A., & Culyba, A. J. (2026). A collective efficacy intervention to promote community resiliency: Protocol for a quasi-experimental evaluation. JMIR Research Protocols, 15, e93587. https://doi.org/10.2196/93587

Singh‐Peterson, L., Salmon, P., Goode, N., & Gallina, J. (2016). An evaluation of the community disaster resilience scorecard toolkit by small, high-risk communities on the Sunshine Coast. Natural Hazards, 84(1), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2435-5

Smith, L. G. E., Thomas, E. F., & McGarty, C. (2015). “We must be the change we want to see in the world”: Integrating norms and identities through social interaction. Political Psychology, 36(5), 543–557. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12180

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2025, November 12). Global status of multi-hazard early warning systems (MHEWS) 2025. UNDRR. https://www.undrr.org/reports/global-status-mhews-2025

Working with your community

Corbin, J. H., Oyene, U. E., Manoncourt, E., Onya, H., Kwamboka, M., Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, M., Sørensen, K., Mweemba, O., Barry, M. M., Munodawafa, D., Bayugo, Y. V., Huda, Q., Moran, T., Omoleke, S. A., Spencer-Walters, D., & Van den Broucke, S. (2021). A health promotion approach to emergency management: Effective community engagement strategies from five cases. Health Promotion International, 36(Supplement_1), i24–i38. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab152

Das, M., Becker, J., & Doyle, E. E. H. (2024). Fostering civic participation and collective actions for disaster risk reduction: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand case studies. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 114, 104954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104954

Dodd, W., Brubacher, L. J., Speers, S., Servano, D., Jr., Go, D. J., & Lau, L. L. (2023). The contributions of religious leaders in addressing food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines: A realist evaluation of the Rapid Emergencies and Disasters Intervention (REDI). International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 86, 103545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103545

Drury, J. (2018). The role of social identity processes in mass emergency behaviour: An integrative review. European Review of Social Psychology, 29(1), 38–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1471948

Drury, J., Carter, H., Cocking, C., Ntontis, E., Tekin Guven, S., & Amlôt, R. (2019). Facilitating collective psychosocial resilience in the public in emergencies: Twelve recommendations based on the social identity approach. Frontiers in Public Health, 7. 141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2019.00141

Ebhuoma, E. E., Nene, N. J., & Leonard, L. (2024). Analysis of urban households’ preparedness and municipal interventions to build flood resilience in Durban, South Africa: Implications for SDG 11. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 23, 100454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100454

Galluccio, G., Deal, B., Brooks, R., Russo Ermolli, S., Rigillo, M., Perriccioli, M., Esposito De Vita, G., & Bevilacqua, C. (2024). Design for resilient post-disaster wood waste upcycling: The katrina furniture project experience and its “legacy” in a digital perspective. Buildings, 14(7), 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072065

García Meraz, M. (2022). Identidad social: Conductas sanitarias y solidarias en México ante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Informes Psicológicos, 22(1), 235–250. https://doi.org/10.18566/infpsic.v22n1a14

Guo, C., Sim, T., & Ho, H. C. (2020). Impact of information seeking, disaster preparedness and typhoon emergency response on perceived community resilience in Hong Kong. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, 101744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101744

Kahn, M. J., & Sachs, B. P. (2018). Crises and turnaround management: Lessons learned from recovery of New Orleans and Tulane University following hurricane katrina. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 9(4), e0031. https://doi.org/10.5041/rmmj.10354

Kenmegne, R. L. T., Bissonnette, J.-F., Lavoie, R., & Blouin, D. (2026). When survival is organized locally: Perspectives of community resilience by collective action to flooding in three informal settlements of Douala, Cameroon. Progress in Disaster Science, 29, 100522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100522

McKie, R. E., & Aitken, A. (2025). Community resilience to flooding in the UK: A study of Matlock, Derbyshire. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 118, 105266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105266

Ntontis, E., Drury, J., Amlôt, R., Rubin, G. J., Williams, R., & Saavedra, P. (2021). Collective resilience in the disaster recovery period: Emergent social identity and observed social support are associated with collective efficacy, well‐being, and the provision of social support. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(3), 1075–1095. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12434

Rayamajhee, V., & Bohara, A. K. (2021). Social capital, trust, and collective action in post-earthquake Nepal. Natural Hazards, 105(2), 1491–1519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04363-4

Smith, J. G., DuBois, B., & Krasny, M. E. (2016). Framing for resilience through social learning: Impacts of environmental stewardship on youth in post-disturbance communities. Sustainability Science, 11(3), 441–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-015-0348-y

Tan, X. (2024). Building national identity via immunity: The politics of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in China. Asian Medicine, 19(1), 64–91. https://doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341549

Thomas, K., Hardy, R. D., Lazrus, H., Mendez, M., Orlove, B., Rivera‐Collazo, I., Roberts, J. T., Rockman, M., Warner, B. P., & Winthrop, R. (2019). Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 10(2), e565. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.565

Zachariah, B., Adithy, Bhojani, S., Bunders-Aelen, J., & Zuiderent-Jerak, T. (2023). Impact of SALT on community and volunteers after the 2018 floods in Kerala: A realist evaluation. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 84(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.32444/IJSW.2023.84.4.409-428

Money and Finances

Bank of England. (2026, June 12). Operational resilience: Recognised payment system operators and specified service providers. Bankofengland.Co.Uk. https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/paper/2026/ss/operational-resilience-rpsos-ssps-ss

Botzen, W. J. W., Deschenes, O., & Sanders, M. (2019). The economic impacts of natural disasters: A review of models and empirical studies. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 13(2), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rez004

British Red Cross. (2024). Vulnerability and Resilience: Public awareness and perceptions of flood risk in the UK. https://www.redcross.org.uk/about-us/what-we-do/we-speak-up-for-change/public-awareness-and-perceptions-of-flood-risk-in-the-uk

Brown, T.R. Resilience Toolkit. Retrieved 26th September 2026, from Personal Resilience Planning Toolkit - The Resistance Hub

Cumbria Community Foundation. (2017, December 4). Making a difference - Cumbria flood recovery fund 2015. https://www.cumbriafoundation.org/2017/12/04/making-difference-cumbria-flood-recovery-fund-2015/

Department for Work and Pensions. (2026, January 13). Crisis and Resilience Fund: Guidance for local authorities in England (1 April 2026 to 31 March 2029). GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/crisis-and-resilience-fund-guidance-for-local-authorities-in-england-1-april-2026-to-31-march-2029

Environment Agency. (2021, February 22). Flood vulnerability and urban resilience: A real-time study of local recovery following the floods of June 2007 in hull. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/flood-and-coastal-erosion-risk-management-research-reports/flood-vulnerability-and-urban-resilience-a-real-time-study-of-local-recovery-following-the-floods-of-june-2007-in-hull

Faella, F., & Zamora-Pérez, A. (2025, September 24). Keep calm and carry cash: Lessons on the unique role of physical currency across four crises. European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/economic-bulletin/articles/2025/html/ecb.ebart202506_02~1a773e2ca3.en.html

Flood Re. (n.d.). Build back better. Flood Re. Retrieved 26 September 2026, from https://www.floodre.co.uk/buildbackbetter/

Galluccio, G., Deal, B., Brooks, R., Ermolli, S. R., Rigillo, M., Perriccioli, M., Esposito, G., & Bevilacqua, C. (2024). Design for resilient post-disaster wood waste upcycling: The katrina furniture project experience and its “legacy” in a digital perspective. Buildings, 14(7), 2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072065

Gros, C., Bailey, M., Schwager, S., Hassan, A., Zingg, R., Uddin, M. M., Shahjahan, M., Islam, H., Lux, S., Jaime, C., & Coughlan de Perez, E. (2019). Household-level effects of providing forecast-based cash in anticipation of extreme weather events: Quasi-experimental evidence from humanitarian interventions in the 2017 floods in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 41, 101275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101275

Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, & Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. (2020, February 18). Major package of support for storm-hit areas. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/major-package-of-support-for-storm-hit-areas

UK Health Security Agency. (2023, December 19). How to recover from flooding. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/flooding-and-health-advice-for-frontline-responders/how-to-recover-from-flooding

Verian UK. (2026, February 26). Case study research into the delivery of the Household Support Fund and Discretionary Housing Payments (DWP Research Report No. 1121). Department for Work and Pensions. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/case-study-research-into-the-delivery-of-the-household-support-fund-and-discretionary-housing-payments/report-case-study-research-into-the-delivery-of-the-household-support-fund-and-discretionary-housing-payments

World Health Organization. (2020, October 13). Impact of COVID-19 on people’s livelihoods, their health and our food systems. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-10-2020-impact-of-covid-19-on-people%27s-livelihoods-their-health-and-our-food-systems

Places and Spaces

Baltimore Office of Sustainability. (2021). Annual report 2019-2020. https://www.baltimoresustainability.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2020-Sustainability-Annual-Report-04.20.21C.pdf

Corbin, J. H., Oyene, U. E., Manoncourt, E., Onya, H., Kwamboka, M., Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, M., Sørensen, K., Mweemba, O., Barry, M. M., Munodawafa, D., Bayugo, Y. V., Huda, Q., Moran, T., Omoleke, S. A., Spencer-Walters, D., & Van den Broucke, S. (2021). A health promotion approach to emergency management: Effective Community Engagement strategies from five cases. Health Promotion International, 36(Suppl. 1), i24–i38. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daab152

Dodd, M., Madabhushi, N., & Lees, R. (2025). Placemaking living lab: Creating resilient social and spatial infrastructures. Buildings & Cities, 6(1), 1027–1045. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.634

Gifford, A. J., Beck, R. J., McDermott, D. T., & Abbott, K. (2026). “Share your trauma… and make it funny”: Comedy as catharsis and community-building in LGBTQ+ mental wellbeing and resilience. Behavioral Sciences, 16(7), 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16071059

Heinkel, S.-B., Thiebes, B., Than, Z. M., Aung, T., Kyi, T. T., Mar, W. L., Oo, S. S., Miller, C., Willkomm, M., Maung, W., Myint, Z. N., Soe, K. K., Spohner, R., & Kraas, F. (2022). Disaster preparedness and resilience at household level in Yangon, Myanmar. Natural Hazards, 112(2), 1273–1294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05226-w

Ishiwatari, M., Nomura, S., Kanbara, S., Matharage, S., & Aldrich, D. (2026). The role of social infrastructure in community-based disaster resilience: A case study of the 2024 Noto Peninsula earthquake. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 134, 106033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106033

Johnson, M. D., Sprowles, A. E., Goldenberg, K. R., Margell, S. T., & Castellino, L. (2020). Effect of a place-based learning community on belonging, persistence, and equity gaps for first-year STEM students. Innovative Higher Education, 45(6), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-020-09519-5

Northumberland County Council. (2024, February 28). Storm response. https://northumberland.moderngov.co.uk/documents/s19565/Storm+Response.pdf

Northumberland County Council. (2025, February 26). Storm Arwen update. https://northumberland.moderngov.co.uk/mgAi.aspx?ID=15795

Rodríguez-Espíndola, O., Albores, P., Luna, D. E., Díaz, J. A., & Picazo-Vela, S. (2025). Location and allocation of primary and backup shelters in transboundary disasters. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-025-06954-5

Schumann, R., & Nelan, M. M. (2018, May 27). Gathering places during the short-term recovery following hurricane harvey. Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado Boulder. https://hazards.colorado.edu/quick-response-report/gathering-places-during-the-short-term-recovery-following-hurricane-harvey

Scottish Government. (2026, March 18). Guide to emergency planning for community groups. Ready Scotland. https://ready.campaign.gov.scot/publications/2026/march/community-emergency-planning-guide

Stanley, J. M. (2023). A relational ecology for crisis prevention among unhoused indigenous peoples in Albuquerque. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 33(4), 384–401. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000308

The Blue Shield. (2016). Blue Shield Statutes. Blue Shield International. https://theblueshield.org/about-us/who-we-are/

Thornley, L., Ball, J., Signal, L., Lawson-Te Aho, K., & Rawson, E. (2013). Building community resilience: Learning from the Canterbury earthquakes. Quigley and Watts. https://communityresearch.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/formidable/Building-Community-Resilience-report-March-2013.pdf

Thornley, L., Ball, J., Signal, L., Lawson‐Te Aho, K., & Rawson, E. (2015). Building community resilience: Learning from the canterbury earthquakes. Kōtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online, 10(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083x.2014.934846

van Manen, S., Avard, G., & Martínez-Cruz, M. (2015). Co-ideation of disaster preparedness strategies through a participatory design approach: Challenges and opportunities experienced at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica. Design Studies, 40, 218–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2015.06.002

Wang, X., Peng, L., Huang, K., & Deng, W. (2022). Identifying the influence of disaster education on the risk perception of rural residents in geohazard-prone areas: A propensity score-matched study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 71, 102795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102795

Wang, Y., Gao, Q., Pei, F., Wang, Y., Cheng, Z., Zhang, J., & Wu, Y. (2022). Innovative technology-enhanced Social Work Service during COVID-19: How ‘garden on the balcony’ promoted resilience, community bonds and a green lifestyle. Qualitative Social Work, 22(2), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250211059431

Watkins, E. A. (2022). “Have you learned your lesson?” Communities of practice under algorithmic competition. New Media & Society, 24(7), 1567–1590. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221099229

People and Skills

Adetunji, A., Silva, M., Tulsiani, N. J., & Adediran, M. (2023). “Like a broom tied together”: A qualitative exploration of social cohesion and its role in community capacity strengthening to support integrated health in Nigeria. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(10), e0002508. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002508

Bangladesh goes beyond cyclones. (2019). Www.Undrr.Org. https://www.undrr.org/news/bangladesh-goes-beyond-cyclones

Dodd, M., Madabhushi, N., & Lees, R. (2025). Placemaking living lab: Creating resilient social and spatial infrastructures. Buildings & Cities, 6(1), 1027–1045. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.634

Duijsens, L. J. E., Lechner, L., Peels, D. A., & Bolman, C. A. W. (2024). A neighbourhood-oriented approach to foster healthy ageing in low socioeconomic older adults: Development and protocol for evaluation through intervention mapping. Health Education Research, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyae041

Evaluation of Communities Prepared Final Report. (2022). https://www.tnlcommunityfund.org.uk/media/insights/documents/Communities-Prepared-Final-Evaluation-Report-May-2022.pdf

Galluccio, G., Deal, B., Brooks, R., Ermolli, S. R., Rigillo, M., Massimo Perriccioli, Esposito, G., & Bevilacqua, C. (2024). Design for resilient post-disaster wood waste upcycling: The katrina furniture project experience and its “legacy” in a digital perspective. Buildings, 14(7), 2065–2065. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072065

Garcia Ferrari, S., Crane De Narváez, S., Castro Mera, W. E., Velásquez, C., & Bain, A. A. (2022). Collective action towards risk management in informal urban areas in medellín: COVID-19 lessons for reducing vulnerability and inequality. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.726867

Joseph, J. K., Anand, D., Prajeesh, P., Zacharias, A., Varghese, A. G., Pradeepkumar, A. P., & Baiju, K. R. (2020). Community resilience mechanism in an unexpected extreme weather event: An analysis of the Kerala floods of 2018, India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 49, 101741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101741

Kapucu, N. (2008). Collaborative emergency management: Better Community Organising, Better Public preparedness and response. Disasters, 32(2), 239–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01037.x

Kesamoon, C., & Boonprasurt, P. (2025). Enhancing local flood resilience: A participatory simulation-game framework for evacuation planning in Thailand. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 130, 105848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105848

Kiyota, E., Tanaka, Y., Arnold, M., & Aldrich, D. P. (2015). Elders leading the way to resilience. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2575382

Lee, J., Aldrich, D. P., Kiyota, E., Yasuhiro, T., & Sawada, Y. (2022). Social capital building interventions and self-reported post-disaster recovery in Ofunato, Japan. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14537-8

Partelow, S. (2020). Social Capital and community disaster resilience: Post-earthquake tourism recovery on Gili Trawangan, Indonesia. Sustainability Science, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00854-2

Prashar, S., Shaw, R., & Takeuchi, Y. (2013). Community action planning in East Delhi: A participatory approach to build urban disaster resilience. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 18(4), 429–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-012-9368-4

Smith, A., Newing, A., Quinn, N., Martin, D., Cockings, S., & Neal, J. (2015). Assessing the impact of seasonal population fluctuation on regional flood risk management. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(3), 1118–1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4031118

Thomas, K. T. (2019). Bridging social boundaries and building social connectedness. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 41(7), 976–992. https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-02-2018-0019

Zelenka Martin, A., Weston, D., Kesten, J. M., & French, C. E. (2024). A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response. Perspectives in Public Health, 146(2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139241257102

Essential Supplies

Byrne, M., Kilbride, K., Wheeler, S., Mann, J., Fikry, M., & Lynn, S. (2025). FareShare Cymru grant award evaluation: 2015 To 2024 (summary) [HTML] | gov.wales. GOV.Wales. https://www.gov.wales/fareshare-cymru-grant-award-evaluation-2015-2024-summary-html

Ciriaco, T. G. M., & Wong, S. D. (2024). Travel behaviour and community needs for resilience hubs. Sustainability Analytics and Modeling, 4, 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.samod.2024.100030

Ciriaco, Thayanne G.M, & Wong, S. D. (2022). Review of resilience hubs and associated transportation needs. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 16, 100697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2022.100697

Covid-19 emergency food response – case study. (2021, September). Brighton and Hove Food Partnership. https://bhfood.org.uk/blog/covid-19-emergency-food-response-case-study/

Dodd, M., Madabhushi, N., & Lees, R. (2025). Placemaking living lab: Creating resilient social and spatial infrastructures. Buildings & Cities, 6(1), 1027–1045. https://doi.org/10.5334/bc.634

Global supply chains: a foresight report on risk and resilience . (2026). Gov.uk. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/global-supply-chains-a-foresight-report-on-risk-and-resilience/global-supply-chains-a-foresight-report-on-risk-and-resilience.

Inappropriate types of donation. (2024). Qld.Gov.Au. https://www.qld.gov.au/emergency/emergencies-services/inappropriate-types-of-donation

Investigación Participativa. (2022). Casa Pueblo • Puerto Rico. https://casapueblo.org/investigacion-participativa/

Laboy Baiz, D. (2022). The influence of government negligence on the way people experienced the essential services of hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies after Hurricane Maria. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 35(8), 857–872. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2022.2061068

Proyectos | comedores sociales. (2025). Comedores Sociales. https://www.comedoressocialespr.org/proyectos

Rosa-Rosa, L., López-González, B., & Rhiney, K. (2025). Towards a relational reading of resilience: Community networks and the politics of disaster recovery in Puerto Rico in the aftermath of hurricane maría. Geoforum, 163, 104315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2025.104315

Storm Arwen review. (2022). Www.Gov.Scot. https://www.gov.scot/publications/storm-arwen-review/

Unrequested donations can hamper recovery efforts for flood impacted communities | GIVIT. (2025). Givit. https://www.givit.org.au/media-centre/media-releases/unrequested-donations-can-hamper-recovery-efforts-for-flood-impacted-communities

Wales Community Food Strategy. (2025). https://www.gov.wales/sites/default/files/publications/2025-04/community-food-strategy.pdf

What we do | one year on from the qld & NSW floods | givit’s impact | how we’re helping people affected by floods. GIVIT. (2022). Givit. https://www.givit.org.au/our-impact/stories/one-year-on-2022-qld-floods-nsw-floods

Zachariah, B., Adithy, Bhojani, S., Bunders-Aelen, J., & Zuiderent-Jerak, T. (2023). Impact of SALT on community and volunteers after the 2018 floods in Kerala: A realist evaluation. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 84(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.32444/IJSW.2023.84.4.409-428

Supporting People with Additional Needs

Burchell, K., Fagan-Watson, B., King, M., Watson, ·, Cooper, C., Holland, D., Jennings, H., Palmer, S., Thorne, D., & Whitehead, C. (2017). Urban heat: Developing the role of community groups in local climate resilience. https://r4c.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/UrbanHeatReport_mainreport_FINAL-31-01-17.pdf

Community champions programme: Guidance and resources. (2022). GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/community-champions-programme-guidance-and-resources/community-champions-programme-guidance-and-resources?

Community engagement approach for health protection. (2026). GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/community-engagement-approach-for-health-protection

Embedding disability inclusion and awareness into disaster management | Queensland Reconstruction Authority. (2024). Qld.Gov.Au. https://www.qra.qld.gov.au/news-case-studies/case-studies/embedding-disability-inclusion-and-awareness-disaster-management

Green, A., McKinnon, S., Daly, M., Boehme, T., Cooper, E. P., & Eriksen, C. (2024). AJEM october 2024 - community-led disaster resilience initiatives: A case study. Aidr.Org.Au. https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/ajem-october-2024-community-led-disaster-resilience-initiatives-a-case-study/

Identifying and supporting persons who are vulnerable in an emergency: Supporting guidance for local resilience forums in England (HTML). (2025). GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/identifying-people-who-are-vulnerable-in-a-crisis-guidance-for-emergency-planners-and-responders/identifying-and-supporting-persons-who-are-vulnerable-in-an-emergency-supporting-guidance-for-local-resilience-forums-in-england-html

Information Commissioner’s Office. (2021). Data sharing in an urgent situation or in an emergency. Ico.Org.Uk. https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/data-sharing/data-sharing-a-code-of-practice/data-sharing-in-an-urgent-situation-or-in-an-emergency/

Kamal, A., & Bear, L. (2023). Community champions policy: Key principles and strategic implications for recovery from Covid-19. Birmingham City University. https://pureportal.bcu.ac.uk/en/publications/community-champions-policy-key-principles-and-strategic-implicati/

Lipshutz, J. A., Flippo Bolduc, M., Powell, R., Freggens, Z., & Njai, R. (2026). Continuous Community Engagement and local leadership: Essential components for Public Health Emergency preparedness, response, and recovery. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice 32(5), E166–E17. https://doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000002391

Local Government Association. (2021). Cumbria County Council: Reaching and supporting the most vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. LGAcomms. https://www.local.gov.uk/case-studies/cumbria-county-council-reaching-and-supporting-most-vulnerable-during-covid-19

Local Government Association. (2026). The Rochdale Flood Poverty Project. LGAcomms. https://www.local.gov.uk/case-studies/rochdale-flood-poverty-project

Orru, K., Klaos, M., Nero, K., Gabel, F., Hansson, S., & Nævestad, T. O. (2023). Imagining and assessing future risks: A dynamic scenario‐base social vulnerability analysis framework for disaster planning and response. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12436

Planning the coordination of spontaneous volunteers in emergencies. (2019). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5d6802abed915d53ac85a079/20190722-Planning-the-coordination-of-spontaneous-volunteers-in-emergencies_Final.pdf

Smith, B., & Diedrich, A. (2024). A systematic review of current progress in community based vulnerability assessments. Regional Environmental Change, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-023-02179-z

Stjernholm, L., Borell, J., & Osvalder, A.-L. (2026). Active participation of people with disabilities in disaster preparedness and contingency work: A systematic literature review on methods, outcomes, and challenges. Progress in Disaster Science, 29, 100502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2025.100502

The Scottish Government. (2022a). Coronavirus (COVID-19) community resilience in Scotland’s islands: Research. Gov.Scot. https://www.gov.scot/publications/community-resilience-scotlands-islands-during-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic/

The Scottish Government. (2022b). Storm Arwen review. Www.Gov.Scot. https://www.gov.scot/publications/storm-arwen-review/

The Scottish Government. (2023). Research findings. Www.Gov.Scot. https://www.gov.scot/publications/peoples-panel-community-resilience/pages/7/

The Scottish Government. (2026). Good practice. The Scottish Government. Gov.Scot. https://ready.campaign.gov.scot/publications/2026/march/building-resilient-communities/pages/good-practice

UK Health Security Agency. (2024). Extreme cold temperatures in domiciliary care: The study. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extreme-cold-temperatures-in-domiciliary-care/extreme-cold-temperatures-in-domiciliary-care-the-study

Written statement: Update on dementia care in Wales (5 april 2022) | gov.wales. (2022). Www.Gov.Wales. https://www.gov.wales/written-statement-update-dementia-care-wales

Zachariah, B., Adithy, Bhojani, S., Bunders-Aelen, J., & Zuiderent-Jerak, T. (2023). Impact of SALT on community and volunteers after the 2018 floods in Kerala: A realist evaluation. The Indian Journal of Social Work, 84(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.32444/IJSW.2023.84.4.409-428

Research overview

Evidence at a glance

How the evidence became Ready Together

From evidence to Ready Together

Sources identified

Critical review and screening

Thematic evidence synthesis

Practitioner review

Advisory review

Toolkit development and quality assurance

Piloting and evaluation

What was reviewed

Collective Action, Community Action and Community Organising

Community Resilience, Societal Resilience

Social Identity Theory (Groups)

Lived Experience Examples/Leading Practice

How the research shaped Ready Together

Research checked against real-world experience

Global evidence, with UK context

The evidence base

Search sources and date parameters

Collective Action, Community Action and Community Organising

Academic databases and sources

Grey-literature and policy sources

Date, language and scope

Audit detail

Inclusion and screening

Community Resilience, Societal Resilience

Academic databases and sources

Grey-literature and policy sources

Date, language and scope

Audit detail

Inclusion and screening

Social Identity Theory / Groups

Databases and sources

Date and language parameters

Audit detail

Inclusion and screening

Lived Experience / Leading Practice

Primary sources

Date, language and scope

Audit detail

Inclusion and screening

What happens after launch

Lead authors and contributors

References used in Ready Together

Communications and Events

Households

Working with your community

Money and Finances

Places and Spaces

People and Skills

Essential Supplies

Supporting People with Additional Needs